Lack of Quality Management during Hurricane Katrina

Introduction Given the devastating outcomes that may accompany calamities associated with storms, it is dangerous to downplay the importance of monitoring, evaluation, and  quality  control which are very critical  to ensuring the success of any rescue efforts. Many times, however, organizations tend to forget the aspect of quality management in the planning and sadly, this leads to unpreparedness when the disasters strike (Leitmann, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lack of Quality Management during Hurricane Katrina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A regular update of the disaster preparedness and emergency management will ensure that response teams are able to deliver as expected when the time comes. According to Haddow, Bullock and Coppola (2008), the natural disasters always prompt stakeholders to recreate their response plan and devise new ways of responding to disasters. The challenges faced during Hurricane Katrina clearly pointed out that better response mechanisms must be developed and followed fully (Brooks Darling, 1993). Apparently, the need for disaster preparedness has continued to grow as the organizations realize that being caught unaware is quite devastating (Tierney, Lindell Perry, 2001). This paper looks at how a lack of quality management interfered with the response mission during Hurricane Katrina. A number of issues that led to poor response have been examined and recommendations have been made for better and organized response in the future. Research Questions The questions to be answered by this research include: How prepared was the response team before the storm happened? What support mechanisms were put in place to help the response team to achieve its objectives? How effective were partnership created during the response? Description of Hurricane Katrina Hurricane Katrina is one of the strongest storms to ever be experienced in the histo ry of the United States. Among the cities affected, there are New Orleans, Louisiana, Alabama and Mississippi (FOIA, 2006). According to Goldman and Coussens (2007), almost 90,000 square miles suffered from the effects of Hurricane Katrina. In Louisiana State, for example, nearly 1.7 million people suffered the devastating effects of the storm and required to be evacuated. The rescue task was a daunting one and had to involve people being moved from the affected and heavily populated regions to safe locations both within the affected state as well as to other states around the country. Even though efforts were made and about 1.5 million people were evacuated from Louisiana before Hurricane Katrina happened, close to 200,000 individuals who remained behind were severely affected by the storm. Some of these people failed to evacuate because of lack of resources while others simply made a choice to stay behind rather than move to safe places.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Before and after the storm, shelters and emergency rooms were prepared to cater for special needs of those affected. Although the state managed to evacuate almost 12,000 caregivers and their patients, the process was generally slow as the strategies employed were not very effective (Goldman Coussens, 2007). In certain cases patients had to be evacuated at most two at a time, using a boat. Shah (2005) describes Hurricane Katrina as the most expensive tragedy that has ever been experienced by the global insurance industry (Shah, 2005). The disaster caused by Hurricane  Katrina is a very clear indicator of how important it is to make sure that proper recovery mechanisms are put in place. Failures in the Emergency Response Despite numerous evacuation pleas, more than 100,000 people were stranded in flooded regions of the city, and as pointed out earlier, some people were unable to leave while some chose not to evacuate. Some evacuation plans used by the responders, such as providing buses, totally failed. The failure experienced caught officials and the emergency response team completely off guard and this was further worsened by the fact that the police, medical, and other means of assistance were inadequate to cope with the scale of the disaster caused by Hurricane Katrina. Although the rescue efforts went on for over several days, those left in New Orleans suffered increasing deprivation and lack of facilities. Rescue efforts were later reinforced by issuing a compulsory evacuation order that involved an airlift and major logistical resources. The rescue troops went house to house so as to guarantee a complete evacuation. Much of the media attention was focused towards the lengthy time taken for emergency response and this ultimately led to the resignation of the head of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). While a number of factors were hig hlighted as being strengths, there were several issues that worked against the ability to provide an orchestrated and efficient response to the disaster. Evidence showed that mission objectives were not established in response to Hurricane Katrina and some organizations lacked an incident action plan leading to confusion about the mission objectives among responders originating from different organizations.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lack of Quality Management during Hurricane Katrina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is assumed that an emphasis on pre deployment planning in various areas, including the deployment of personnel and coordination with external agencies would have proven quite beneficial during the rescue mission (Goldman Coussens, 2007). Apparently, there were also changes that happened in the organizational structure after the response started and these complicated the response op eration even further. It impacted lines of authority, reporting, communicating channels, information exchange, and adherence to standard operating procedures. Depending on the area of focus, standard operating procedures did not exist, were in draft form, or were in a conflict with other organization’s standard operating procedures. Another major challenge was the ability to staff and deploy teams effectively as well resource tracking. As a part of the preparation process, a clear definition of the roles assigned to all staff is a critical requirement and must be done fully (Goldman Coussens, 2007). A lack of a clear communication protocol also made it difficult for stakeholders to get in touch with the rescue team. Some people felt that better results could be realized by taking an inclusive approach that brings together all the key people who are seen to play a very critical role in the rescue mission. There is also a need for greater awareness of the basic knowledge regar ding emergency response operations among staff. Key Findings and Recommendations The following sub sections show the issues pointed out and recommendations on how to effectively address them. The tables contain the factors that led to poor results and later corrective actions are listed. Issue 1: Mission Objectives and Deployment Assignments Contributing Factors Poor definition and communication of mission objectives Clear objectives were not established for effectively responding to Hurricane Katrina. This led to confusion among the responders. Responders simply defaulted to what was seen as the best course of action and no formal action plan was followed. The lack of a clear and publicized action plan greatly affects management’s ability to lead in the most efficient and effective way. Mission clarity can be ensured by having in place an incident action plan. Staff deployment assignment were made without following the established Action Request Form (ARF) and Mission Assignment (MA) process Deployment of personnel before the Action Request Form was completed also led to problems. Other personnel were also not deployed according to a specific Mission Assignment. In severe cases, some deployed staff had to be sent home simply because they were not responding effectively to the needs of the states where they had been deployed. The use of the ARF or MA should be made mandatory for all rescue operations if better results are to be realized. The need to clearly define the role of the Emergency Management Assistant Compact (EMAC) The use of the Emergency Management Assistant Compact is very instrumental in changing the types of requests for help that the rescue team receives from the states as well as how states interact to provide mutual aid. States using EMAC can request and receive direct assistance from the states without having to contact the rescue team. During the rescue mission, EMAC representatives claimed that they were not made aware of t he resources and services provided by the rescue team. It is important to ensure that EMAC representatives are well aware of the resources and services provided by the rescue team. Better coordination between the rescue team and the Public Health Service Office of Force Readiness and Deployment (OFRD) was required. Both the rescue team and the Public Health Service Office of Force Readiness and Deployment were selecting staff for deployment from the same pool of Public Health Service Officers. It was reported that in some cases, medical officers deployed through OFRD were filling non-clinical roles while they could have been deployed by the rescue team to provide public health support. Corrective Action Plan The corrective action plan for the above concerns includes:Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Standardizing the incident action plan process and implementing it during all responses. Ensure that all key personnel in the division of emergency operations are familiar with the incident action plan process to enable them to support agency leadership during an event. Ensure a smooth coordination between the OFRD and the rescue team to determine priority needs and availability of public health service personnel during a response so that a balance is maintained between clinical needs and public health requirements. Work with stakeholders to determine the changes that should be made to ARF and MA processes so as to accelerate response support. Have a central body that brings the efforts of all the rescue organizations together so as to perform consolidated rescue operations. Issue 2: Organizational Structure and Incident Command System Contributing Factors The change to the incident command system organizational structure during the incident led to confusion and response inef ficiencies The incident command system organizational structure within the Director’s Emergency Operations Center (DEOC) changed a few days after the response started. This impacted the lines of authority, reporting, communication channels, and information exchange. Changes made were not incompliance with the existing operational procedures. Individuals involved in the response were confused as to their mission and tasks as the organizational structure changed. The change in the incident command system led to a breakdown in communication with the DEOC and among the field teams contributing to the deployed personnel either reverting to previously known patterns for communications and the mass dissemination of information to individuals. This greatly affected the speed at which decisions could be made. There was a lack of awareness of the incident command structure (ICS) and emergency response processes Staff reported a lack of awareness of the overall ICS structure and the n ational response plan (NRP) as well as emergency response processes. This led to the rescue team being unaware of the existing emergency response standard operating procedures, chain of command, information flow and the organization structure while in response mode. Detailed standards of operating procedures (SOPs) should be developed and disseminated to all individuals identified as potential emergency responders SOPs were found to be in various states of availability: non existent, not complete, in draft form, complete but not current or in conflict with similar SOPs. Reviews showed that SOPs did not provide procedural guidance for DEOC or deployment teams. Some individuals were simply not aware that SOPs existed. Furthermore, new teams that were formed did not have SOPs for procedural guidance. Since some SOPs were either outdated or in draft form, they were not executed. Individuals who were unfamiliar with prior response operations were not given the operating procedures or b riefed on the overall emergency response process. The Role of Senior Management Official (SMO) needs to be clearly defined and articulated The senior management official works directly with state health commissioners, local health authorities, and others to implement the portfolio management project within each state. The role of the SMO in an emergency situation is very critical and must therefore be clearly articulated in the rescue plan. The SMO needs to be tightly integrated with the incident management structure. DEOC needs to improve its capacity to rapidly and accurately and accurately identify personnel for deployments and to track personnel deployed to the field The current resource tracking system (RTS) does not provide detailed information that is required by the deployment team. Personnel would often be deployed to fill roles that were completely outside their area of expertise. Manual spreadsheets were used to track deployed staff and reconciling these were time con suming. Be establishing a centralized and detailed resource tracking tool that lists all deployable personnel, their updated qualifications, and contact information, the availability of deployment personnel can be more effectively managed. The system should also provide functionality to track deployed personnel. Conditions leading to the change in alert status from response to recovery were not clearly understood There were no clearly defined activities or events that determined when the DEOC moved from response to recovery alert status. In addition, current SOPs do not address the recovery phase of a response. In the final stages of the Katrina response, responders reported that CDC’s level of involvement was not clearly communicated to personnel and as a result, deployed individuals felt that focus was diverted from the response and they did not feel that they received full mission support. Responder resilience was a concern Resilience is a continuous process and needs to be addressed before, during and after a response. Changes in incident management command structure are needed to enable full situational awareness, feedback and guidance in matters pertaining to agency response and resilience. There were also concerns for better screening of deployable staff to ensure that only those suitable for disaster work were deployed. There was also a need for the agency to more consistently recognize the contributions of employees at whatever level after response operations. Corrective Action Plan The corrective action plan for the above concerns identified above includes; Make every effort to finalize CDC SOPs for emergence response. SOPs should offer procedural guidance for all individual teams involved in an emergency response. It is also important to ensure that SOPs are in some way, linked to operational procedures of cooperating partners. It is also necessary to develop SOP addressing contingency planning for emerging secondary or tertiary event s which should be well integrated within the CDC drills and exercises. Create a clear role of the SMO in emergency preparedness and response activities. Identify organizational processes for response coordination in those states that do not have an assigned SMO. Develop a criterion to determine activation and deactivation of the DEOC and at what point response coordination is handed over to the lead CIO for recovery activities. Issue 3: Information Flow and Management Contributing Factors The internal information flow and management processes were not clearly defined and daily task lists and supporting action items were not effectively managed Individuals involved in the response were unable to clearly define to whom or how information should be transferred internally (Pavignan, 2006). Document clearance and version control became difficult because there were no specifications for the process within the SOPs. This deficiency resulted in mass emailing, incomplete communication loops, and loss of information. It was generally difficult for members of the response team to know which tasks were being actively pursued, by whom, and when these tasks had been completed. Preparing briefings for CDC leadership diverted time and resources from critical response activities The opinion of the respondents was that so much time was devoted to developing reports in order to brief senior officials about the progress (Logue, 1996). Activities in the DEOC appeared to be driven by daily briefing schedule. A process for information and data sharing to internal and external partners should be established There was some confusion regarding what information could be shared with partners and this destabilized the response operations to some degree. Communication with the field needs to be addressed Personnel in the field experienced difficulty communication with voice, email and data transmission among themselves, with local and state officials and with the DEOC. Partne rships with the private sector need to be strengthened The private sector which includes non-governmental organizations, faith based organizations, as well as profit or not for profit organizations play a very critical role in disaster response (Maiden, Paul Thompson, 2007). . Improving the collaboration with these organizations will strengthen response operations and better results will be realized from the collaborative efforts (Morgan, Ahern Cairncross, 2005). . Corrective Action Plan The corrective action plan for the above concerns identified above includes but is in no way limited to; Update information flow procedures to include information flow plan for DEOC teams, field teams, and external partners. Update and utilize standard data collection forms Ensure the availability of a clear and consistent communication plan that incorporates all existing communications Establish an accelerated clearance flow for emergency information and documents needed during an emergency e vent Use standardized report forms to address briefings Ensure that information shared with anyone, internally or externally, is consistent between the programs and DEOC Establish, maintain and enhance linkages with the private sector Issue 4: Public Health Practice Issues Contributing Factor Displaced populations had chronic medical conditions As the response team carried on with its operations, there did not seem to be an equivalent government effort focused on providing health care services, meeting medical needs and access to care by vulnerable populations (O’Leary, 2004). The established shelters lacked the necessary medicine for dealing with chronic and this was a real health hazard. Proper coordination will ensure the right treatment for vulnerable populations. Corrective Action Plan The corrective action plan for the above concerns identified above includes; Develop standardized assessment tools and recommendations for shelters, their staff and residents Ide ntify methods to track shelter locations Establish a workgroup to address chronic and communicable diseases that require routine therapy care for displaced populations Issue 5: Training and Exercises Contributing Factors Evaluate exercise needs and participation Respondents felt that it is necessary to regularly conduct emergency response readiness exercises with the government, state and local partners as well as other public and private partner organizations. As exercises are planned and conducted, evaluation procedures and corrective action planning should be included within the overall planning process. Evaluate training needs It is important to conduct regularly scheduled emergency response readiness training with all appropriate parties. Functional roles in the response plan should be identified and personnel that could be called upon to fill such roles should be trained accordingly. Corrective Action Plan The corrective action plan for the above concerns identified above includes; Conduct training on ARF and MA processes so as to facilitate request for help Offer extensive training to all those in leadership roles within the response teams Develop and deliver a mandatory training course for all personnel to ensure that they are all well equipped for emergency response role during an event Identify functional roles required in a response and offer a thorough training for personnel to fill the roles Conclusion According to Leitmann (2007), it is generally agreed that three elements exist for effective disaster prevention and preparedness. There needs to be an accurate analysis of hazards and vulnerable populations, responders must formulate disaster preparedness and response plans and lastly, being able to communicate prevention and preparedness to the public and key decision makers. As has been discussed in this paper, it is important to put in place a clear plan that can be followed to respond to emergencies and when the disaster strikes, t his plan must be implemented fully. Many times, rescue missions fail because the responders decided to follow their own ways of dealing with the calamity rather strictly adhering to the set procedures. Where responders from different organizations are involved in the response, it is important to ensure that they all read from the same script. Given that all sorts of disasters will continue to be experienced, recommendations made in this paper are quite relevant and should be adhered to by response teams. References Brooks, C.   Darling, P. W. (1993). Disaster Preparedness. Boston, MA: Association of Research Libr. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA). (2006). Hurricane Katrina after Action Review. Atlanta, GA: Freedom of Information Act. Web. Goldman, L. Coussens, C. (2007). Environmental Public Health Impacts of Disasters: Hurricane Katrina. Washington, D.C: The National Academies Press. Web. Haddow, G. D., Bullock, J. A. Coppola, D. P. (2008). Introduction to Emergency Management . Burlington, MA: Elsevier, Inc. Leitmann, J. (2007). Cities and Calamities: Learning from Post-Disaster Response in Indonesia. Journal of Urban Health, Volume 84, Supplement 1,  144-153. Logue, J. (1996). Disasters, the Environment and Public Health: Improving Our Response. Am. J. Public Health, 86(9):1207–1210. Maiden, P., Paul, R. Thompson, C. (2007). Workplace Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Management. London, UK: Routledge. Morgan O., Ahern M. Cairncross S. (2005). Revisiting the Tsunami: Health Consequences of Flooding. PLoS Med, 2(6):491–493. O’Leary, M. R. (2004). Measuring Disaster Preparedness. USA: iUniverse. Pavignan, E. (2006). Formulating Strategies for the Recovery of a Disrupted Health Sector. Geneva: WHO. Shah, H. (2005). Hurricane Katrina: Profile of a Super Cat – Lessons and Implications for Catastrophe Risk Management. Newark, C A: Risk Management Solutions. Web. Tierney, K. J.,  Lindell, M. K.   Perry, R. W. (2001). Faci ng the Unexpected: Disaster Preparedness and Response in the United States. Boston, MA: Joseph Henry Press. This research paper on Lack of Quality Management during Hurricane Katrina was written and submitted by user Dane Mcdowell to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Post Trauma Stress and self essays

Post Trauma Stress and self essays David G. Purves at London Guildhall University and Philip G. Erwin of the Psychology unit in Edge Hill College decide to do an experiment about Post Trauma Stress (PTS) and self-disclosure. The finding of this was posted in the Journal of the Psychology. The population they had chosen was a group of students from a local British University. There were a total of 200 students which contented 78 men, 116 women and 6 individuals who didnt indicate their gender. They started to look into both men and women dealt with stress after a traumatic event had happened to them. The hypothesized that men who engaged in less emotion disclosure had TSI ( Trauma Symptom Inventory) scores; these men were significantly less willing to disclose information or emotion about happiness. Also they looked at women who as their Trauma Symptom Inventory score increased so did their willingness to talk about their emotion about anxiety but when it came to talk about anything fear related whether it was emotion or information they were less willing to talk. Now when it came for David G. Purves and Philip G. Erwin to test out their theories they had decide on using a standard questionnaire, Trauma Symptom Inventory and Emotional Self-disclosure Scale. On this standard questionnaire is basic personal information (name, date of birth, gender) along with previous experience with a trauma. There was a number they could call if things they were bring up for the study was hard for them along with a statement saying anything brought up on the questionnaire or even in a conversation would be kept confidential and they would be not be identified. Next they used to the Trauma Symptom Inventory. Now this looks to see if a traumatic event has effect any of ten clinical subscales. It checks the traumatic impact in anxious arousal, depression, angerirritability, intrusive exp ...

Healthcare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Healthcare - Essay Example There are many individuals involved in the provision of long-term care. These include medical personnel, support staff, as well as volunteers within organizations and the community in general. It is worth noting that these individuals are the major determinants of the quality of care in these long-care delivery sites. This is in regard to their individual behaviors and other determining factors such as implemented policies. Before outlining the mechanisms to promote quality outcomes in assisted living facilities, it is worth defining assisted living. As asserted by Stevenson and Grabowski (2009), assisted living is "A congregate residential setting that provides or coordinates personal services, 24-hour supervision and assistance (scheduled and unscheduled), activities, and health related services"(Para. 3). Quality outcomes in assisted living facilities can be promoted through implementation of effective public policies particularly public financing. In the United States, public health is largely financed by Medicaid. Stevenson and Grabowski (2009) notes that very few individuals benefit from such public support by Medicaid. The fact that Medicaid as a public financier in health matters cannot finance accommodation for individuals in need of assisted care blocks many people from accessing assisted living services. Many people are therefore forced to use their personal savings to finance assisted living and when their finances run-out, care is affected and so do quality outcomes. Using Medicaid and other public financing to cover expenses incurred through personalized care and medical expenses would therefore significantly promote quality outcomes. There are also other mechanisms by payers that promote quality outcomes in assisted living such as long-term-care insurance (Nelms, Mayes an d Doll, 2012). Quality outcomes can be achieved through recognizing or discovering potential threats to health and subsequently

Nuclear Weapons Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Nuclear Weapons - Thesis Proposal Example In spite of the apprehensions that have been elevated about the nuclear weapons, those who are taking part in the creation and development of such weapons have stated that the weapons are not intended to disturb the world peace. They have argued that the project is important for their countries and should not be seen as steps towards destabilizing the world or causing unnecessary harm to the world populations. Some people have argued that the nuclear weapons pose no threat to the world and they should therefore not be destroyed and the countries that are involved in the creation and development of the nuclear weapons should be allowed to proceed with the projects (Mueller par 3). B. The public needs to be given information on the various perspectives of the nuclear weapons and also on the implications that devolvement and use of the weapons will have on their lives as well as the lives of the rest of the world population (Krieger 65) A. When countries are involved in the creation of nuclear weapons, other counties use it as an excuse to also develop their own nuclear weapons and this has led to the militarization of world countries (Bernstein 43) B. Others have however argued that the choice to engage in the creation of the weapons is something that is solely dependent on the administration of a country and is not influenced by the fact that others are engaging in it (Mueller para 4) D. Some, however, argue that the nuclear weapons are not the sole cause of cross-border diplomacy wars since such wars and relations issues exist even in areas where nuclear development and creation is not taking place.

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used

A Mnemonic Device Can Be Used The beginning development of mnemonic starts with a poet named Simonides of Ceos in fifth century B.C. This mnemonic invented by the Greeks for memory training around 2500 years ago. The Greek lyric poet Simonides, born in 556 B.C., is attributed with inventing mnemonics. His creation have great benefit thought us, many people success is because using this mnemonic method. There do many types of mnemonics device exist and which type works best is limited only by the imagination of each individual learner. Here are the 9 basic types of mnemonics device presented in this paper include Music, Name, Expression/Word, Model, Ode/Rhyme, Note Organization, Image, Connection, and Spelling Mnemonics. Mnemonics are memory devices that help learners remember larger pieces of information, especially in the form of lists like characteristics, steps, stages, parts, phases, etc. Mnemonics device try to transform information into a form that the human brain can remember better than its original form. Although the process of applying this transformation might already aid the transfer of information to long-term memory but this is still benefit to learner. The mnemonic device commonly practice for lists and in auditory  form, such as short poems,  acronyms, or memorable phrases, but mnemonics can also be for other types of information and in visual or kinesthetic forms. This device use is based on the examination that the human brain more easily remembers many form of information. In our daily, we have to remember everything. In school, we have to remember all the knowledge about subject; in workplace, we have to remember all the information about our task, in order to remember this entire thing we have to find out what method can enhance our memory. In my example, I am hardly to spell mnemonic, so I use the concept of mnemonic device and create my word, which is Mnemonic Notes Effective Memorized on New Ideas Creativity. From my creation, I know that every first letter for every word is Mnemonic. Using this method, we not only can spell out those difficult words and also can remember it. Mnemonic device play an important role in our daily life, although it is important, it still has their limitations or advantages and disadvantages. For the advantage of mnemonic devices is it provide a method to help us recall those information which is difficult to remember. Moreover, it involve rearranging or restructuring information that help our personalize information to become a smart learner. Other than that, it also increases our interest to study by creating my way to learn with information. Lastly, mnemonic devices will help us spend less time on retrieving our information in long term memory when we properly use it. Beside advantages, mnemonic devices also have some limitation. If a person uses mnemonics too frequently, he or she will have confusion on their learning process. For example, we use mnemonic to remember difficult word, but he or she who too extensively using mnemonic will use this method on every word no matter the word is difficult or not. This problem will occur on those who too rely on mnemonics. In addition, this mnemonic device need more time to practice, create and learn. If someone still cannot understand the practice, which mean that he or she is just wasting time to practice it. For the 9 basic types of mnemonics, for the first device that I will introduce is the Music Mnemonics. We will remember the song lyric rather than a reading of poem is because of adding music for the word. The same method we remember the lyric, we can use or practice on our academics. Music can help us recall important detail to main idea and leaner made out a song is just for remember a list of items. In business sector, they also use this device to let customer remember their product when purchasing. For example, McDonald fast food is using a short song to stronger their brand on customer mind, which is Ba Ra Ba Ba Ba, Im lovin it. I am sure that when this music occurs, everyone will know is McDonald. Besides that, we had been practice this device since we are children, which the ABC song. We know that let children remember all this alphabets is very difficult them, so teacher will teach the children this ABC song to let them easily remember all this 26 alphabets. So that using this method, we know the children directly learning all 26 alphabets. In addition, not only on alphabetical, other children are using this method to remember the street name. For example, the children of Japan, Kyoto is using this method to remember their street name in Kyoto. The song is Kyo no tori uta, which is The song of streets in Kyoto. This song purposely is to make people easier to memorize the streets in Kyoto. Continuously, the following mnemonic device will be the Name Mnemonic. This method is using every first letter of each word in a list of item transform to a person name. For example, the color of spectrum is quite difficult for we know the arrangement, so using this method we take every first letter of each word which is, Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet, transform to a person name, Roy G. Biv. Third type of mnemonic devices will be the Expression or Word Mnemonic. This device is most popular mnemonic and widely be used. It is taking the first letter of each word in a list is arranged to form a phrase or word. In other word, it is quite similar with Name Mnemonic and the only different will be one is arrange to form people name and other one is arrange to form a word or phrase. For example, in English, the seven coordinating conjunction which are For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So. We take every first letter for each word and become FANBOYS. This is very easy to remember the English coordinating conjunction as FANBOYS rather than remember all the seven word. Moreover, in mathematics, we can remember the metric system prefixes by using this method. The metric system prefixes from largest to smallest will be the Kilo, Hecto, Deka, Base, Deci, Centi, Milli. As we transform to a phrase can be King Henry Died By Drinking Chocolate Milk. Compare to the original, we know that after t ransform, the metric system prefixes is more easily to remember and it is more funny compare to before.

Daniel Orozco’s “Orientation”

The new employee is unimportant in Daniel Orozco’s â€Å"Orientation† The short story â€Å"Orientation† by Daniel Orozco is a unique story. Orozco never introduces the narrator or the audience. The story appears to be, just as the title specifies, an orientation for a person entering a new job. The story, however, delves deep into the lives of several employees throughout the story. The lives of these employees and their interactions become the most important part of Orozco’s work and the main character that is being spoken to becomes an unimportant observer in an intricate atmosphere. The story is told in the first person voice.The narrator is talking to one particular person; He refers to this character in the second person voice. â€Å"This is your phone. † The narrator is talking directly to the new employee, the main character. The main character never speaks. It is implied that dialogue exists. â€Å"That was a good question. Feel free to as k questions. † The narrator has acknowledged that the listener has asked a question. The reader never actually sees the question that the listener asks, though. Instead, the narrator rephrases the listener’s question and repeats it back to him. By having the narrator do this, Orozco makes the listener less important.His/her dialogue is not even important enough to include in the text and must be repeated by the narrator in order to be included in the story. However, contradictory to the listener’s seemed unimportance, the narrator urges the listener to ask more questions. The specific job that the listener is being oriented to is not important to the story, either. The setting is a generic office atmosphere. â€Å"These are the offices and these are the cubicles. † By using this stereotypical and conventional setting, Orozco makes the things that happen to individual employees even more outrageous.The outrageous events create a contrasting tone. The typica l office orientation situation is invaded by shocking situations such as Amanda Pierce’s. Pierce’s husband â€Å"subjects her to an escalating array of painful and humiliating sex games. † Describing very personal aspects of an employee’s life creates a very uncomfortable feeling in this situation. This type of information is not supposed to be talked about in an office setting. Adding to the inappropriateness of the information, this could very well be the first meeting between the narrator and the listener.It is highly unusual to speak of sexual escapades in a business setting alone, and it could be very embarrassing to either party. Because it is possible that this is the first meeting between the narrator and the listener, the narrator does not know how comfortable the listener will be with the information, and is risking embarrassing the listener by divulging it. The narrator keeps a professional air about him, which makes the information that he is giving seem very important. The narrator makes no sexual comments about Pierce’s situation; he merely states what her husband does to her.The narrator also speaks frankly of what the listener can and cannot do â€Å"There are no personal phone calls allowed. † The narrator goes on to tell the consequences of doing something that is prohibited. â€Å"If you make an emergency phone call without asking, you may be let go. † This straightforward method of speaking also creates a professional feeling, which adds to the contrast in the story between the professional feeling and the uncomfortable, mysterious feeling. The blunt detail used by the narrator adds to the uncomfortable, painful sense of the work environment. â€Å"Anika Bloom’s left palm began to bleed.She fell into a trance, stared into her hand, and told Barry Hacker when and how his wife would die. † The details make the employees’ lives seem surreal. The reader is told that Anika Blo om’s palm begins to bleed, but the reason for the blood is not given. The blood is the only important detail because it signifies pain and suffering. Other words such as â€Å"fell† and â€Å"stare† create a distanced, unstable feeling. Even more disturbing is the line that signifies when someone will die. Orozco painfully jolts the reader back to reality, the office setting, no matter how disturbing the described experiences of an employee have been.This is evident in the passage about Kevin Howard, the serial killer. The carnage inflicted is precise: the angle and direction of the incisions; the layering of skin and muscle tissue; the rearrangement of the visceral organs; and so on. Kevin Howard does not let any of this interfere with his work. He is, in fact, our fastest typist. The disturbing description of the serial killer is recited without any waver whatsoever away from the intent only to divulge information. The narrator makes no personal comment and ex presses no opinion about Howard.After the narrator has given the information to the listener, the narrator leads the train of thought right back to the work environment. The idea of a horrible mass murderer is interrupted by his typing ability. This continued contrast now goes past unstable and borders on psychotic. The far-fetched is made believable only because of the narrator’s complete professional facade. By itself, speaking of a mass murderer’s typing ability does seem psychotic, but the narrator has so completely described every aspect of the listener’s new surroundings that any individual part of the surrounding does not seem overly important.The characters are merely present and described as they are. This description does not affect any character, so there is no real action to be deemed unusual, unstable, or psychotic. The description is the only important part of the story. Orozco uses both a professional tone and a dark, uncomfortable-feeling descrip tion to create a highly contrasting reality between the work setting and each character’s personal life.

Management Planning Tyco Essay

Tyco is an international and expanded company that offers necessary manufactured goods and services to consumers in some market segments. These segments consist of Fire & Security, Healthcare, Electronics, Plastics & Adhesives, and Engineered Products & Services. Recently, Tyco possesses huge profits and provides work for about hundred thousand workers in the world (Verschoor, C., 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Financial statement and cash flows in Tyco are well-built. Legacy economic and legal issues in this company have been answered.   They perform an excellent integration of businesses in the marketplace in order to survive in the highest standing.   Tyco International Ltd. is dividing their bodies into three autonomous companies (â€Å"Tyco International to become 3 companies†, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the greatest method to allow Tyco to accomplish their complete capability. Every separated company will be capable to effort more rapidly and more competitively. Eventually, it will generate more significance for their investors as a result of performing the development approaches as autonomous companies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Previously, Tyco assessed a wide scale of their planned selections, involving the maintenance of Tyco’s recent working approach, trades of exclusive industries, and partition of the industries. Tyco assume that their strategic management planning, which full of continual improvement and value making, is the finest method to reach good reputation in the global competitive market (â€Å"Tyco International to become 3 companies†, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Tyco, consistency is the basis in the lead of their business activities. The consumers, investors, partners, and the societies where Tyco operate are looking forward to reliable and ethical management from them on a daily basis. Tyco should continuously give emphasis to their dedication to maintain their core importance. Their dedication to the top values of reliability starts with promising that every person, who gets through the Tyco Company, will recognizes Tyco’s main values. These values characterize how Tyco behave as workers and as managers (Verschoor, C., 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco be obliged to challenge their selves about the best principles of entity and business reliability. Tyco always try to maintain the company resources. Tyco persistently contest with the other companies to develop their products, business activities, and their selves. Tyco constantly struggle to recognize the public businesses and facilitate them to accomplish their objectives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco are committed to multiplicity, impartial behavior, mutual value, and dependence. They promote an environment that supports modernization, originality, and outcome by means of cooperation. Tyco perform management that educates, motivates, and encourages complete contribution and career improvement. They support valuable communication and transmission. Tyco pay tribute to the assurances that they create. They hold entity accountability for every achievements and outcomes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco make a working regulation of constant development that is an essential element of their philosophy. Tyco try to allocate the accountability in some parts in order to create their values become a fundamental element of their industries. All of Tyco executives and staffs should be responsible to the main principles of reliability and complete obedience through the rules and strategies that influence the performance of their business activities (â€Å"The Tyco Guide to Supplier Social Responsibility†, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is the accountability of Tyco to make sure that the assets that are vital to the success of the company’s goals. Tyco has some efforts to accomplish the success, such as applying, continuing and developing their management planning and advancing consumer satisfaction. All of these activities are recognized through the preparation developments (â€Å"The Tyco Guide to Supplier Social Responsibility†, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Commonly, resource necessities are intended through the forecasting procedure and attuned for the period of the year in return to selling augmentation, earnings strategies, capability restraints, varying consumer necessities and another desires. Executive in Tyco should evaluate the sufficiency of resources and regulations should be created rooted in recognized business requirements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strategic planning that conducted by Tyco allows them to reduce expenses while fulfilling consumer’s requirement and get the most out of profit while completing predicted requirement. Usually, strategic planning choices are created by divide groups concerned on a detailed part of Tyco’s general plan. For instance, in a planned capability forecast study, the selling unit investigates demand situations and offers predictions for upcoming demand. Concurrently and unconnectedly, Tyco examines their strategy for capability development and creates references (Lofstrom, Erika;  Nevgi, Anne, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management planning in Tyco must consist of creative, theoretical and managerial aspects. To locate upcoming tendency that is a main principle of a management planning, Tyco have to methodically recognize about their current standing. Therefore, the development of improving a management planning is supposed to comprise an appraisal of the company’s past performance and recent state of affairs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tyco can decrease the probability of misunderstanding that will weaken the efficiency of their exertions, by starting in a management plan how the legal function is assumed to partake in its agreement and internal control attempts. The management planning should conduct in the direction of a fuller agreement procedure and a more wide-ranging method to the area under discussion (â€Å"Tyco International to become 3 companies†, 2006).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Management in Tyco has completed a brilliant responsibility of rotating their company all over the place. Tyco’s decision to adjust their efforts on established main products, and to make more efficient their businesses, has placed them in a good way for an earnings to productivity in this period. Management in Tyco takes part in an essential function in the adjustment procedure. It is a very optimistic improvement for Tyco investors (â€Å"The Tyco Guide to Supplier Social Responsibility†, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a vigorous and exhilarating company, Tyco have productive business activity. Tyco provides a plan that contains full management of preservation and developments of organization to make best use of operational competence. The management planning includes some features that able to support organization in bringing service to their customer to all intents and purposes. Tyco implements beneficial technique of assuring their intensive struggle to satisfy the customers. This method is appropriate for Tyco that has competitive employment arrangements (Lofstrom, Erika;  Nevgi, Anne, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Tyco has wide-ranging study and assets and is constantly operating. Tyco is continuously improving innovative products. They always try to create innovation for presented and new products, activities, enhancements to presented activities, and customized machines, utensils or tools (Verschoor, C., 2006). Reference:    INTEGRITY EXCELLENCE TEAMWORK ACCOUNTABILITY. (2006). Retrieved 7 April, 2007, from http://www.tyco.com/WWW/Documents/pdf/tyco_guide_to_ethical_conduct.pdf Lofstrom, Erika;  Nevgi, Anne. (2007). From Strategic Planning to Meaningful Learning: Diverse Perspectives on the Development of Web-Based Teaching and Learning in Higher Education Retrieved 7 April, 2007, from http://www.eric.ed.gov Planning and Conducting a Functional Exercise. Helpful Hints for School Emergency Management. (2007). Retrieved 7 April, 2007, from http://www.eric.ed.gov The Tyco Guide to Supplier Social Responsibility. (2007). Retrieved 7 April, 2007, from http://www.tyco.com/WWW/pdf/IntegrityBrochure.pdf Tyco International to become 3 companies. (2006). Retrieved 7 April, 2007, from http://smallbusiness.yahoo.com/r-article-a-11158-m-61-sc-100-tyco_international_to_become_3_companies-i Verschoor, C. (2006). Tyco: an ethical metamorphosis. Strategic Finance